Journal of Contemporary Ethnography

 

Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Click here for more information

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Rodriquez, J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
 Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, Vol. 35, No. 6, 645-668 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0891241606286997

Color-Blind Ideology and the Cultural Appropriation of Hip-Hop

Jason Rodriquez

University of Massachusetts–Amherst

This article examines how white youths culturally appropriate hip-hop by adhering to the demands of color-blind ideology. Using ethnographic methods and interviews of members in a local hip-hop scene, I argue that colorblind ideology provides whites with the discursive resources to justify their presence in the scene, and more important, to appropriate hip-hop by removing the racially coded meanings embedded in the music and replacing them with color-blind ones. This research contributes to the existing scholarship on racial ideology by analyzing how it is put into action by individuals in a specific local context in which race is salient. Furthermore, it extends our understanding of how color-blind ideology operates in practice, enabling whites with the discursive resources and racial power to culturally appropriate hip-hop, however unintentionally, for their own purposes.

Key Words: color-blindness • hip-hop • whiteness • cultural appropriation • ideology

References

  • Adler, Patricia A., and Peter Adler. 1987. Membership roles in field research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Anderson, Elijah. 1999. Code of the street. New York: Norton.
  • Anderson, Margaret. 2003. Whitewashing race: A critical perspective on whiteness. In White out: The continuing significance of racism, edited by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva and Ashley W. Doane. New York: Routledge.
  • Bean, Annemarie, James V. Hatch, and Brooks McNamara. 1996. Inside the minstrel mask: Readings in nineteenth-century blackface minstrelsy. Middletown, CT: Wesleyen University Press.
  • Bennett, Andy. 1999. Rappin’ on the tyne: White hip-hop culture in Northeast England—An ethnographic study. Sociological Review 47:1-24
  • Blauner, Bob. 1992. Talking past each other: Black and white languages of race. In Race and ethnic conflict, edited by F. L. Pincus and H. J. Ehrlich. Boulder, CO: Westview.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2001. White supremacy and racism in the post-civil rights era. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2003. Racial attitudes or racial ideology? An alternative paradigm for examining actors’ racial views. Journal of Political Ideologies 8 (1): 63-82
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo, Amanda Lewis, and David G. Embrick. 2004. "I did not get that job because of a black man... ": The storylines and testimonies of color-blind racism. Sociological Forum 19 (4): 555-581.[CrossRef]
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction: A social critique of the stratification of taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Brown, Michael K., Martin Carnoy, Elliott Currie, Troy Duster, David B. Oppenheimer, Marjorie M. Schultz, and David Wellman. 2003. Whitewashing race: The myth of a colorblind society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Christianson, Peter G., and Donald F. Roberts. 1998. It's not only rock & roll: Popular music in the lives of adolescents. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
  • Feagin, J., and E. O'Brien. 2003. White men on race: Power, privilege, and the shaping of a cultural consciousness. Boston: Beacon.
  • Frankenberg, Ruth. 1993. White women, race matters: The social construction of whiteness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Fricke, Jim, and Charlie Ahearn, eds. 2002. Yes yes y'all: The experience music project oral history of hip-hop's first decade. New York: DeCapo Press.
  • Frith, Simon. 1981. Sound effects: Youth, leisure and the politics of rock and roll. New York: Pantheon.
  • Frith, Simon. 1996. Performing rites: On the value of popular music. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Gallagher, Charles. 2003. Color-blind privilege: The social and political functions of erasing the color line in post race America. Race, Gender & Class 10 (4): 22-37.
  • Geertz, Clifford. [1973] 2000. The interpretation of cultures. New York: Basic Books.
  • George, Nelson. 1998. Hip-hop America. New York: Penguin.
  • Gilroy, Paul. 1993. The black Atlantic: Modernity and double consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Hall, Perry. 1997. African American music: Dynamics of appropriation and innovation. In Borrowed power: Essays on cultural appropriation, edited by Bruce Ziff and Pratima V. Rao. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Haney-Lopez, Ian F. 1996. White by law: The legal construction of race. New York: New York University Press.
  • Hartigan, John, Jr. 1999. Racial situations: Class predicaments of whiteness in Detroit. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • hooks, bell. 1992. Black looks: Race and representation. Boston: South End.
  • Kenny, Lorraine D. 2000. Daughters of suburbia: Growing up white, middle class and female. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Keyes, Cheryl L. 2002. Rap music and street consciousness. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Kitwana, Bakari. 1994. The rap on gangsta rap: Who run it? Gangsta rap and visions of black violence. Chicago: Third World Press.
  • Kitwana, Bakari. 2002. The hip-hop generation: The crisis in African American culture. New York: Basic Civitas Books.
  • Kubrin, Charis. 2005. Gangstas, thugs and hustlas: Identity and the code of the street in rap music. Social Problems 52 (3): 360-378.[CrossRef]
  • Lewis, Amanda. 2003. Race in the schoolyard: Negotiating the color line in classrooms and communities. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Lewis, Amanda. 2004. "What Group?" Studying whites and whiteness in the era of "color-blindness. " Sociological Theory 22:623-646.[CrossRef][ISI]
  • Lipsitz, George. 1998. The possessive investment in whiteness: How whites profit from identity politics. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Lott, Eric. 1995. Love and theft: Blackface minstrelsy and the American working class. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • McIntosh, Peggy. 1988. White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondences through work in women's studies. Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College Center for Research on Women.
  • Mills, Charles W. 1997. The racial contract. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Mitchell, Tony, ed. 2001. Global noise: Rap and hip-hop outside the USA. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
  • Morrison, Toni. 1993. Playing in the dark: Whiteness in the literary imagination. New York: Random House.
  • Perkins, William Eric, ed. 1996. Droppin’ science: Critical essays on rap music and hip hop culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Perry, Pamela. 2001. White means never having to say you're ethnic: White youth and the construction of "cultureless" identities. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 30:56-91.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Perry, Pamela. 2002. Shades of white: White kids and racial identities in high school. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Potter, Russell. 1995. Spectacular vernaculars: Hip-hop and the politics of postmodernism. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Roediger, David. 1991. The wages of whiteness: Race and the making of the American working class. London: Verso.
  • Rose, Tricia. 1994. Black noise: Rap music and black culture in contemporary America. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press, University Press of New England.
  • Sartre, J. P. 1976. Critique of dialectical reason. Edited by J. Ree. Translated by A. S. Smith. London: New Left Books.
  • Sexton, Adam, ed. 1995. Rap on rap: Straight-up talk on hip-hop culture. New York: Delta.
  • Swidler, Ann. 2003. Talk of love: How culture matters. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Tate, Greg. 2003. Everything but the burden: What white people are taking from black culture. New York: Broadway.
  • Thornton, Sarah. 1996. Club cultures: Music, media and subcultural capital. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
  • Weingarten, Marc. 1998. All made up, ready to go. Los Angeles Times (Calendar sec.), 26 July, 8-9, 81-81.
  • Wellman, David. 1977. Portraits of white racism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Young, I. 1994. Gender as seriality: Thinking about women as a social collective. Signs 19 (3): 713-738.[CrossRef]

Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?



This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Rodriquez, J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
 Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?